Super Eco

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This page discusses building insulation, the type of insulation added to buildings for comfort and energy efficiency. Other common types of insulation include soundproofing and electrical insulation.

In the USA, building insulation efficiency is measured by R-Value. R-Value is a measure of insulation’s ability to resist heat traveling through it. Insulation materials block heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer. Minimum R-Values and insulation materials are usually specified in local building codes. Building design, climate, and energy costs are the three most important factors to consider when planning insulation. To help with planning, the US Department of Energy provides a planning tool that suggests insulation levels based on zip code and building conditions.

Builders use insulation materials to manage heat loss of a structure through the "building envelope," which comprises roofs, walls, and foundations. There are many insulation materials available, and the builder's choice will depend on a number of factors, including: prevailing climate, ease of installation, toxic effects such as outgassing, and environmental impact and sustainability.

Most buildings use a combination of bulk insulation and reflective insulation. Straw bales are a sustainable bulk insulation alternative. Spray foam, on the other hand, can have serious environmental consequences including adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and poor indoor air quality. 

A well insulated house requires a vapor barrier to prevent damage from mold and rot due to condensation. Vapor barriers are typically plastic sheeting installed on the warm side of the insulation. In hot climates radiant or reflective insulation barriers are installed to reduce the radiant of heat from the exterior.Radiant barriers can function as vapor barriers.

Insulation materials no longer used include urea-formaldehyde foam because of health effects of out gassing formaldehyde, and asbestos, a proven carcinogen. Fiberglass and spray polyurethane foam are potentially toxic and require special care when installing.